Mcgregor theory x and y advantages and disadvantages pdf

Theory x holds a negative traditional view of the workers while theory y holds a much refined and positive view of workers. Theory x and theory y assumptions, merits and demerits. Mcgregor recognized that in many organizations x type workers are usually found in the minority, but even then in mass organizations, like large scale production environment, theory x management or leadership style may be required and can be unavoidable. Theory x and y created by mcgregor has been a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. Mcgregor s theory x and theory y douglas mcgregor s in his book the human side of enterprise published in 1960, explained two different kinds of theories or assumptions about human behavior. Theory x of motivation is based on the following assumptions. The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management. Perception of management toward the employees in the banking industry of. Theory x and theory y in 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees.

They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit sloan school of management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s. The major distinct disadvantage of theory x and theory y is that they are put forward as challenging sets of assumptions a supervisor is either motivated by theory x or by theory y. Theory x and theory y are theories of human work motivation and management. Mcgregor developed a philosophical view of humankind with his theory x and theory y in 1960. In the 1960s, douglas murray mcgregor, a famous mit professor of management wrote a book named the human side of enterprise in which he analyzed the various behaviors of professionals at work. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y essay 847 words 4 pages. Many theorists support that mcgregor s theory considers the field of management from a new angle, indicating a strong influential value. What are the disadvantages of douglas mcgregor theory x. However, modern revisions including contingency theorists argue that theory y is not essentially a progressive alternative to a dull theory x. What are the advantages and disadvantages of theory x and. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. Theory x employees are disadvantage because they rely on rewards in order to be good employees. Mcgregor theory x and theory y for staff and employees. Mcgregor s work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of abraham maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs.

What is the difference between mcgregors theory x and. Leaders managers who adhere to theory x assume that the average person. Theory x gives importance to supervision, while theory y stresses on rewards and recognition. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as theory x and theory y management. Dogan unlucan mcgregor theories x and theory y student. Mcgregor s management styles theory x and theory y. Both of these theories begin with the premise that managements role is to assemble the factors of production, including people, for the economic benefit. Both the theories, which are very different from each other, are used by managers to motivate their employees. Toward a constructvalid measure article pdf available in journal of managerial issues 202. The idea behind using letters x and y, perhaps seems to be using a neutral terminology, which does not convey any sense of badness or goodness associated with these theories. Mcgregor s theory x and theory y is a simplistic, but useful account of two theories or visions of human behavior. People will exercise selfdirection and selfcontrol if they are committed to the objectives.

The eminent psychologist douglas mcgregor has given his theory of motivation called theory x and theory y. Theory x holds a negative traditional view of the workers while theory y holds a much refined and. Douglas mcgregor 196o, reflecting on leadership and motivation at work, procured the accessible literature on organisations and subsequently examined modern managerial. Essentially theory x and theory y describe two opposing views of people at work that will influence management style. He referred to these opposing motivational theories as theory x and theory y. Given the drawbacks of theory x, mcgregor developed an alternative theory of human behavior called theory y.

He treated traditional approach to management as theory x and the professional approach to management as theory y. Implications of theory x and theory y on management practice according to mcgregor, the theory x type of management, which originated in a roman catholic church and military institution with its centralized decision making and external control work, is based on the assumption about human being. The assumption of theory y is a management style in the workplace introduced by mcgregor. Douglas mcgregor 19061964 developed a philosophical view of humankind with his theory x and theory y. In contrast to the principles of conventional management mentioned as theory x, the advocated theory y illuminated a cluster of new or redefined concepts such as selffulfilling prophecy and responsibility. Critically evaluate mcgregors theroy x and theory y free. In addition to this, they can help a manager to focus on his thoughts on the different ways in which individuals relate to and carry out work. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y biography of douglas mcgregor douglas mcgregor was born on 1906 in detroit, america.

Employees can view work as being as natural as rest or play. People have an inherent dislike for work and will avoid it whenever. Mcgregors theory x and theory y theory of motivation. Challenges and limitations of theory x and theory y. Theory x and theory y, introduced in the book and are known for management and human motivation. He avoided descriptive labels and simply called the theories theory x and theory y. Theory x and theory y mcgregor and leadership motivation hr. A powtoon video highlighting the advantages of mcgregor s theory x and y while highlighting the disadvantages of the other 3 theories. Theory y focuses on a participative leadership style that is decentralized. Mcgregor s theory x and theory y mcgregor suggested that there were two different types.

Theory y mcgregor s theory y is the root cause of employee empowerment. Douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 was a lecturer at harvard university and became the first sloan fellows professor at mit. According to mcgregor, the function of motivating people involves certain assumptions about human nature. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y have both their advantages and disadvantages, though many would prefer to call them their strengths and weaknesses. These are two opposing perceptions about how people view human behaviour at work and organisational life. Theory x and theory y framework proposed by mcgregor in his classic book the human side of enterprise 1960 consists of two alternative set of assumptions. His work is based upon maslows hierarchy of needs, where he grouped the hierarchy into lowerorder needs theory x and higherorder needs theory y.

Douglas mcgregor s theory x and theory y the work of douglas mcgregor, the renowned social psychologist at mits sloan school of management who studied the theoretical foundations of human motivation in the 1960s, was premised on a binary conception of managerial perception known as theory x and theory y according to mcgregor. Many years ago a professor named douglas mcgregor dubbed these perspectives theory x and theory y. Dislikes work and attempts to avoid it centered and, therefore, does not care about organizational goals resists change act irresponsibly weinbach, 2008 designed to enforce compliance. Douglas mcgregor s theory x and theory y have both their advantages and disadvantages, though many would prefer to call them their strengths and weaknesses. The biggest advantage of using theory x and theory y is that they are easy to understand. Theory x and theory y are part of motivational theories. Theory x percieves employees to be lazy, irresponsible and untrustworthy, while according to theory y employees are approached as one of the most valuable assets of the company. There are two alternative sets of assumptions which mcgregor has described as theory x and theory y. Mcgregor s assumptions were that there were two contrasting sets of assumptions about people underlying managerial attitudes and behaviour. Mcgregors ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. Motivating people using theory x and theory y youtube. Theory x and theory y essay sample new york essays. It is one of the theories of motivation on what motivates employees in the workplace. Features of mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation.

Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, mcgregor s x y theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management. Many organizations emphasize on the use of this type of style to empower workers. Implications of theory x and theory y on management. In 1895, it was here that his grandfather, thomas mcgregor started his business and given its name as, mcgregor institute. Advantages and disadvantages of theory x and y essay. The disadvantages of douglas mcgregor s theory x and y are different for each type. Pdf application of mcgregors theory x and theory y. In addition to this, they can help a manager to focus on his thoughts on the different ways in which individuals relate to and. To learn more about theory x and theory y, see the article at when you look at your team, what do you see. Theory x and theory y in his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. His theory x and theory y was detailed in the human side of enterprise, published in 1960. Douglas mcgregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour. On theory x, we are selfinterested individuals who seek wealth and pleasure. This lesson goes over these additional learning goals.